The origin, nature and stratigraphy of Pleistocene- Holocene palaeosols in Wadi Es-Salqa (Gaza Strip, Palestine)
THE ORIGIN, NATURE AND STRATIGRAPHY OF PLEISTOCENE-HOLOCENE PALAEOSOLS IN WADI ES-SALQA(GAZA STRIP, PALESTINE). The Gaza Strip is located in the southwestern part of Palestine. Its topography is definedby three ridges (locally termed “kurkar ridges”) that are parallel to the Mediterranean coastline. The ridges consistof Pleistocene-Holocene calcareous sandstones (kurkar) and reddish fine-grained deposits (hamra). The ridges areintersected by three main wadis, from north to south: Wadi Beit Hanoun, Wadi Gaza, and Wadi Es-Salqa (WadiSilka). During winter Wadi Es-Salqa collects water from a 40 km2 catchment area.The subcrop geological cross-section at Wadi Es-Salqa shows that the succession consists of kurkar and hamra ofthe Pleistocene-Holocene Gaza Formation, which belongs to the Pliocene-Holocene Kurkar Group and sharplyoverlies the Saqia Group. The outcrop successions in Wadi Es-Salqa consist of reddish-brown palaeosols of GazaFormation. These palaeosols are loessial soils that developed in loam to sandy loam soils, as well as sandy soils.The model distribution of the loessial soil grains reflects atmospheric dust that accumulated from the Sinai andSaharan Deserts. The sandy soils are derived from sandy parent materials that generally cover the western part ofthe southern coastal plain of Palestine.
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