Natural history of Xenodon matogrossensis (Scrocchi and Cruz, 1993) (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) in the Brazilian Pantanal

Xenodon mattogrossensis is a neotropical snake restricted to the central part of South America, in the Pantanal wetlands and a few neighbouring areas. The available information about this specie in the literature is restricted to geographical distribution, morphological variation and anecdotal information on habitat use. Here we present data on diet, sexual dimorphism and reproduction of X. matogrossensis. We gathered information on diet and reproduction from 72 specimens of X. matogrossensis deposited in scientific collections. This species feeds mainly on amphibians, but also consumes squamate eggs and other small vertebrates. Mature females are generally bigger than mature males considering body size and head width, but males have longer tail than females. The number of follicles and eggs is not related with body size in females of X. matogrossensis. Females showed larger follicle sizes from October to April, suggesting that reproduction is seasonal, even though individuals may be active through the year. The information provided here, associated with others available in the literature can contribute to the assessment of the conservation status of this species and even to design conservation actions in case they are needed in the future.